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STRUCTURE, DUPLICATIONS AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN FEDRAL AND PROVINCIAL AUTHORITIES
Although studies have been conducted on TVET sector in Pakistan but still a study in the organizational structure of Pakistan have not been conducted with reference to its impact on present state of TVET in Pakistan. The study intends to make a comprehensive analysis of fragmented governance, conflicting and overlapping provisions in applicable laws regulating the TVET. This is an inclusive study conducted to draw insight from the past, enquire about the contemporary approaches both at national and international fronts and suggests a way forward for policy formation with the aim to improve TVET sector in Pakistan having capacity to incorporate the youth bulge in productive economy in coming years having potential to overturn the fortune of Pakistan. The study will help future researchers, policy makers and public policy students in formation of appropriate policy making to address the problems of fragmented governance, conflicting and overlapping provisions in laws regulating the TVET and analytical study regarding TVET and organizational structures in Pakistan.
Development and Performance of TVET: Analysis of Pakistan
Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is pivotal for the achievement of socio-economic well beings along with proper utilization of work force in the development process of the country. Efficient working of (TVET) system enhances the chances of employability, career development and sustainable livelihood. The success of (TVET) sector strongly hinges upon smooth running and well defined roles of organizing and controlling bodies. A well-defined (TVET) sector embodies a coordinated, coherent and an organized (TVET) authorities working under a proper hierarchy, accountable for execution of their plans. However, (TVET) sector in Pakistan is beset with overlapping and conflicting functions at three points: Conflicts/overlaps among Federal Ministries/institutions; conflict/overlaps between Federal and Provincial institutions/authorities and conflicts/overlaps among Provincial Ministries/departments, etc. This study presents the various developments over time in TVET sector of Pakistan and analysis is made on the conflicts/overlaps among TVET authorities. Performance of the system is examined along with various forward and backward linkages. Pakistan can use the great potential of its labor force by streamlining TVET as per need of the hour and can become great economic power in this competitive World.
Organizational Conflicts and Duplications in TVET Sector at Federal Level: Analysis of Pakistan
Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is essential for the attainment of socio-economic well beings in Pakistan having growing and abundant labor work force in the country. Well-organized working of TVET system enhances the chances of employability, career development and sustainable livelihood. The success of (TVET) sector strongly hinges upon smooth running and well defined roles of organizing and controlling bodies. A well-defined TVET sector embodies a coordinated, coherent and an organized TVET authorities working under a proper hierarchy, accountable for execution of their plans. However, TVET sector in Pakistan is beset with overlapping and conflicting functions at three points: Conflicts/overlaps among Federal Ministries/institutions; conflict/overlaps between Federal and Provincial institutions/authorities and conflicts/overlaps among Provincial Ministries/departments. However, this study takes into account the duplications and conflicts among federal level authorities. The study will understand the nature and extent of conflicts and duplication of functions and its impact on performance of TVET sector in Pakistan. The youth bulge which is going to engulf Pakistan in coming decade can be converted into production bomb having the potential to overturn fortune of Pakistan by placing a uniformed and coherent apparatus in place.
The Increasing Trend of Khula in Pakistan: A Legal, Sociological, and Philosophical Analysis
In the evolving socio-legal fabric of Pakistan, the institution of marriage, once perceived as an unbreakable bond rooted in religious sanctity and cultural permanence, is undergoing profound shifts. One of the most notable transformations is the marked rise in women seeking khula—a legal dissolution of marriage initiated by the wife under Islamic law. This trend, while rooted in a centuries-old provision of Islamic jurisprudence, has acquired new dimensions in contemporary Pakistan, shaped by legal reforms, socio-economic transitions, and changing philosophical attitudes toward marriage, personal autonomy, and gender equality. The phenomenon is neither isolated nor superficial; it is a mirror reflecting deeper currents of social change, intergenerational value conflicts, and the recalibration of gender relations.
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